Article
p-value
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the
p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme
as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null
hypothesis is correct. A very small p-value means that such an extreme
observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.
Reporting p-values of statistical tests is common practice in academic
publications of many quantitative fields. Since the precise meaning of
p-value is hard to grasp, misuse is widespread and has been a major
topic in metascience.